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• unprecedented economic shock that has forced us to adapt, think in new ways, and act quickly

• people facing debilitating insecurity.

• lockdown

• coronavirus pandemic

• pandemic also triggered a sort of "forced" digitalization

• critical infrastructures

• 5G networks, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI)

• For Big Tech, the pandemic was a positive shock

• $8 trillion

• digital capitalism

• labor market

• monopoly power

• civil liberties and democracy.

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• empowering them to use technology to participate in politics—

• we need to repoliticize the question of technology

• necessary to give it a direction.

• of future welfare services and critical infrastructures. Accelerating digitalization is not enough.

• new social contract

• for digital society.

• digital sovereignty

• Digital sovereignty means that as a society we should be able to set the direction of technological progress

• put technology and data at the service of the people.

• directing technological development to solve the most pressing social and environmental issues

• European Union needs to remain relevant as a global economic power through its scientific and technological innovation, taking back control of connectivity, data, microprocessors, and 5G

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• In the fourth industrial revolution, data and artificial intelligence are essential digital infrastructures that are critical for political and economic activity

• Data has become the most valuable commodity in the world. It is the raw material of the digital economy, and fuels AI.

• Data has become the most valuable commodity in the world. It is the raw material of the digital economy, and fuels AI.

• Data cannot be controlled by a handful of tech giants

• democratize data ownership

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• move from data extractivism to data commons,

• data as a public good

• give people better control of their data

• DECODE

• blockchains and attribute-based

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• like data and AI visible and understandable, grounding such knowledge in a new kind of public space.

• "Centre Pompidou for the digital age"

• learn digital skills

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• DECODE

• digital skills

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• Big Tech creates data monopolies

• digital colony

• n China a

• United States

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• Data Center Architecture and the Future of Democracy Niklas Maak

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• The Cloud Is Burning

• March 10, 2021

• largest hosting provider OVH were destroyed

• OVH

• 3.6 million websites went offline,

• data.gouv.fr.

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• data is the new gold,

• transition from the culture of combustion to the digital age

• from the fossil to the immaterial,

• t castles u

• 
  

  NOTE
  [ Castle ]
  null

• They are to the digital world what castles used to be in medieval times: the seat of power.

• 66 hectares

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• endless racks of flashing lights

• New Building Typology of Our Time— But Also the Most Invisible

• Invisible

• castles of the feudal lords who controlled the land

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• Amazon Theatre, and no Facebook Towe

• Facebook's headquarters with a roof so green

• The new technological force has become invisibl

• They are meant to be the opposite of architecture: saying nothing, betraying nothing, offering no surface for attack.

• no surface for attack.

• data centers, which after all store one of the greatest treasures of the information age

• faceless hangars

• Digitalization is driving the city into an elementary structural crisis.

• 
  

  NOTE
  [ Digitalisation des sociabilités (past covid) new usages

• problématique
  · Not : marche à suivre/plan pour un ecological DC
  · Not : history of DC (like universities searches)
  --> Need to integrate DC in our lifes : --> data empowerment = data as common well
  ]
  null

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• server farms

• bars but on Zoom

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• This book is not intended to provide blueprints for the most beautiful or ecological server farm

• nor is it

• nor is it a comprehensive cultural history of the data center

• Rather, it brings together thoughts, designs, and ideas that emerged in various seminars at the Harvard Graduate School of Design

• Städelschule in Frankfurt am Main

• why most server farms are concealed so invisibly on the outskirts of cities

• why

• their placement and architecture do not display the fact that the ownership of data in a digital society translates into extreme economic and political power.

• why t

• there needs to be a physical place where every visitor can understand and see what a digital society could do with the data

• They argue

• 
  

  NOTE
  [ Quantité de datas
  Cout énergétique
  . China biggest DC
  . Apple clean energy

  Microsoft underwater DC ]

  null

• The biggest data center in the world, operated by China Telecom, sprawls over 25 square kilometers

• 1.2 million servers

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• climate neutrality in the near future.

• every Facebook post, every Google search requires storage space, and data storage requires enormous amounts of energy.

• storage space,

• amounts of energy.

• damages the environment more than the total of all air travel

• kilowatt hours in 2018—

• Netflix, YouTube

• 200 billion kilowatt hours

• The Internet of Things needs more electricity than Germany currently generates with wind and solar power

• no one who sends someone a photo via WhatsApp thinks about the fact that this action starts up computers

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• 8 percent of the electricity produced worldwide

• Apple now builds its own solar parks and runs its data centers on green electricity.

• Data centers often have to be air-conditioned

• up to 40 percent—is used for cooling

• Microsoft therefore packed twelve racks with 864

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• servers and 27.6 petabytes of storage into a metal cylinder

• A submarine cable conducts electricity into the data U-boat and transmits the data

• For up to five years, Microsoft wants to let its servers work independently on the ocean floor

• without direct human supervision, an inaccessibility that has almost something romantic

• 
  

  NOTE
  [ @2020

• https://www.numerama.com/tech/648236-sous-leau-depuis-deux-ans-le-data-center-sous-marin-de-microsoft-a-tenu.html

• https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/sustainability/project-natick-underwater-datacenter/ ]
  null

• small- and medium-sized companies

• "hyperscaler" is Amazon Web Services (AWS)

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• 
  

  NOTE
  [ Data fuel .. ia
  accept cookies
  sign for non explicite data usage
  @Shoshana_Z capital iresistible
  -> ? que font ils de ces trillions $ ]
  null

• the opacity of data storage also means that in many of these digital warehouses personal data is analyzed and sold in a completely opaque manner.

• $200 billion

• data is the fuel

• economic treasure

• contrast to the naivete with which everybody presses the "accept all"

• naivete

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• This lack of concern is already the first success in the manipulation of consciousness by surveillance capitalism

• .

• promising comfort, undermines the central rights of freedom and self-determination.

• The Age of Surveillance Capitalism,

• Shoshana Zuboff,

• surveillance dividend, because it is based largely on the systematic exploitation of personal data

• irresistibly attractive to investors.

• hamster in a digital wheel

• Google subsidiary Nest at home

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• implicitly sign at least a thousand privacy-related contracts without knowing it."8

• the rhetorical dissolution of manifest political and economic power apparatuses in the "cloud," makes us almost forget about some urgent questions

• e invisibility of the server,

• Where will the trillions go that can be made from selling and mining citizens' dat

• will set the rules for how it is analyzed?

• reclaiming ownership over our data

• delegate civic rights to private parties anymore

• 
  

  NOTE
  [ Covid

• Trump
  Cambridge Analytica ]
  null

• d Health,

• coronavirus

• election of Donald Trump

• large-scale manipulation of voters

• 87 million Facebook users and their friends had been collected a

• Cambridge Analytica

• develop a psychologically tailored campaign

• This is Your Digital Life

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• Rashida Richardson

• Dirty Data, Bad Predictions

• "racially biased or otherwise illegal"

• predictive policing tools

• send officers to the scene of a crime before it happens,

• Deborah Raji.

• server farm becomes an ideological arsenal

• if the methods of evaluating what information is stored on the servers

• cannot, or need not, be exposed to public debate

• public debate

• because they, like the location of the computers, are opaque,

• the digital society produces axioms that are all the more difficult to question

• difficult to question because they are difficult to trace

• halo of technological objectivity.

• is still humans who have to feed the computer

• 
  

  NOTE
  [ de Holywood
  Tout le monde peut réussir
  ( optimisme de changement transformateur )
  --> SV dream pesimist
  '' Continuity rather than change ''
  ....
  représent futur as continuity of the past ]
  null

• The volumes of data that people leave behind on the Internet were used to predict their behavior by assuming continuity rather than change

• predict their behavior by assuming

• human nature

• by assuming continuity rather than change.

• continuity rather than change.

• problematic proposition about the nature of human beings

• represent the future as a continuation of the past.

• Algorithms programmed in this way can only represent the future as a continuation of the past.

• 
  

  NOTE
  [ Billais raciaux
  Opacity
  Obstruction du débat public ]
  null

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• California

• two essentially differing narratives about "human nature."

• differing narratives about "human nature."

• Hollywood, the myth-machine

• story of people who, through enormous effort, create the unexpected, the improbable

• people can do things that no one thought they could.

• mythmachine

• . Silicon Valley,

• masks itself in the cloudy rhetoric of "making the world a better place,"

• "making the world a better place,"

• better place,"

• programmers of its algorithms seem to cultivate a rather gloomy image of humanity:

• better place,

• viewing people as potential delinquents

• prevent them from committing transgressions

• people as potential delinquents,

• Algorithm Is Always Right:

• cars even have cameras

• "detected fatigue,

• is involved in an accident, then his own car could turn against him

• Kafkaesque

• self-assessment

• self-perception

• he must now prove that the algorithm was mistaken in its assessment.

• the basic assumption is that the imperfect human being should be monitored for his or her own good

• machine should make decisions for him or her

• negative view of the human being

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• fuck the algorithm

• "We have to remember that the big idea of this digital century was the democratization of knowledge,"

• "Surveillance capitalism has usurped it by declaring our private experience a free commodity, open to exploitation

• Zuboff

• stolen goods

• We need to return to the initial promise of the digital era.